Xatolar va istisnolar

// Har bir misol qat'iy turlar rejimida ishlaydi.

$sinovlar = [
    "Nolga bo'lish" => static function (): mixed {
        return intdiv(10, 0);
    },
    "Noto'g'ri tur" => static function (): mixed {
        $f = static fn(int $x): int => $x * 2;
        return $f("matn");
    },
    "Yo'q usul" => static function (): mixed {
        $o = new stdClass();
        return $o->yoqUsul();
    },
    "Qo'lda tashlangan" => static function (): mixed {
        throw new RuntimeException("Biror narsa noto'g'ri ketdi");
    },
];

printf("%-20s %-26s %s\n", "HOLAT", "SINF", "OTA SINF");
echo str_repeat("-", 72) . "\n";

foreach ($sinovlar as $nom => $f) {
    try {
        $f();
        printf("%-20s %s\n", $nom, "(xato bo'lmadi)");
    } catch (Throwable $x) {
        $ota = get_parent_class($x) ?: "-";
        printf("%-20s %-26s %s\n", $nom, $x::class, $ota);
    }
}

echo "\n";
echo "Hammasi Throwable dan keladi:\n";
foreach ([new TypeError("x"), new RuntimeException("y"), new DivisionByZeroError("z")] as $x) {
    printf("  %-24s Throwable mi: %s\n", $x::class,
           $x instanceof Throwable ? "ha" : "yo'q");
}

// Bazaviy istisno - butun ilova uchun
abstract class IlovaXatosi extends RuntimeException
{
    abstract public function foydalanuvchiXabari(): string;
}

final class MablagYetarliEmas extends IlovaXatosi
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly int $soralgan,
        public readonly int $mavjud,
    ) {
        parent::__construct(sprintf(
            "Mablag' yetarli emas: so'ralgan %d, mavjud %d",
            $soralgan, $mavjud
        ));
    }

    public function yetishmaydi(): int
    {
        return $this->soralgan - $this->mavjud;
    }

    public function foydalanuvchiXabari(): string
    {
        return sprintf(
            "Hisobingizda %s so'm yetishmayapti.",
            number_format($this->yetishmaydi() / 100, 2, ",", " ")
        );
    }
}

final class HisobTopilmadi extends IlovaXatosi
{
    public function __construct(public readonly int $hisobId)
    {
        parent::__construct("Hisob topilmadi: {$hisobId}");
    }

    public function foydalanuvchiXabari(): string
    {
        return "Bunday hisob mavjud emas.";
    }
}

function pulYech(int $hisobId, int $tiyin): string
{
    $hisoblar = [1 => 50000000, 2 => 12000000];

    if (!isset($hisoblar[$hisobId])) {
        throw new HisobTopilmadi($hisobId);
    }
    if ($tiyin > $hisoblar[$hisobId]) {
        throw new MablagYetarliEmas($tiyin, $hisoblar[$hisobId]);
    }

    return "Yechildi: " . number_format($tiyin / 100, 2, ",", " ") . " so'm";
}

$urinishlar = [[1, 30000000], [1, 99000000], [7, 1000000], [2, 5000000]];

foreach ($urinishlar as [$id, $summa]) {
    try {
        printf("hisob %d: %s\n", $id, pulYech($id, $summa));
    } catch (IlovaXatosi $x) {
        printf("hisob %d: %s\n", $id, $x->foydalanuvchiXabari());
        printf("          (texnik: %s)\n", $x->getMessage());
    }
}

function faylniQaytaIshla(string $nom, bool $xatoQil): string
{
    $qadamlar = [];
    $qadamlar[] = "ochildi";

    try {
        if ($xatoQil) {
            throw new RuntimeException("o'qishda xato");
        }
        $qadamlar[] = "o'qildi";
        return implode(" -> ", $qadamlar) . " -> qaytarildi";
    } catch (RuntimeException $x) {
        $qadamlar[] = "xato tutildi";
        return implode(" -> ", $qadamlar);
    } finally {
        // BU HAR DOIM ishlaydi - return bo'lsa ham
        echo "  [finally] {$nom} yopildi\n";
    }
}

echo "Muvaffaqiyatli:\n";
echo "  " . faylniQaytaIshla("a.txt", false) . "\n";

echo "\nXato bilan:\n";
echo "  " . faylniQaytaIshla("b.txt", true) . "\n";

echo "\n";
// Istisno zanjiri - asl sababni saqlash
function sozlamaniYukla(string $xom): array
{
    try {
        return json_decode($xom, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
    } catch (JsonException $x) {
        // Asl istisnoni UCHINCHI argument sifatida uzatamiz
        throw new RuntimeException("Sozlama fayli buzuq", 0, $x);
    }
}

try {
    sozlamaniYukla("{buzuq}");
} catch (RuntimeException $x) {
    echo "Tutildi:     " . $x->getMessage() . "\n";
    $sabab = $x->getPrevious();
    echo "Asl sabab:   " . ($sabab?->getMessage() ?? "yo'q") . "\n";
    echo "Sabab sinfi: " . ($sabab !== null ? $sabab::class : "-") . "\n";
}

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

// 1. Tutilmagan istisnolar uchun
set_exception_handler(function (Throwable $x): void {
    // Jurnalga TO'LIQ tafsilot
    error_log(sprintf(
        "[%s] %s: %s in %s:%d\n%s",
        date("Y-m-d H:i:s"),
        $x::class,
        $x->getMessage(),
        $x->getFile(),
        $x->getLine(),
        $x->getTraceAsString()
    ));

    // Foydalanuvchiga UMUMIY xabar
    http_response_code(500);
    if (!headers_sent()) {
        header("Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8");
    }
    echo "<h1>Xatolik yuz berdi</h1>";
    echo "<p>Muammo qayd etildi. Iltimos, keyinroq urinib ko'ring.</p>";
    exit(1);
});

// 2. PHP ogohlantirishlarini istisnoga aylantirish
set_error_handler(function (int $daraja, string $xabar, string $fayl, int $qator): bool {
    if (!(error_reporting() & $daraja)) {
        return false;      // @ operatori bilan bosilgan
    }
    throw new ErrorException($xabar, 0, $daraja, $fayl, $qator);
});

// 3. Halokatli xatolar uchun (yuqoridagilar ularni tutmaydi)
register_shutdown_function(function (): void {
    $xato = error_get_last();
    if ($xato !== null && in_array($xato["type"], [E_ERROR, E_PARSE, E_CORE_ERROR], true)) {
        error_log("HALOKATLI: {$xato['message']} in {$xato['file']}:{$xato['line']}");
    }
});

// 1. KUTILADIGAN holat -> qiymat qaytaring
function foydalanuvchiTop(int $id): ?array
{
    $baza = [1 => ["ism" => "Husanboy"], 2 => ["ism" => "Malika"]];
    return $baza[$id] ?? null;          // "topilmadi" - normal javob
}

// 2. KUTILMAGAN holat -> istisno tashlang
function foydalanuvchiTopYoki(int $id): array
{
    $f = foydalanuvchiTop($id);
    if ($f === null) {
        throw new OutOfBoundsException("Foydalanuvchi topilmadi: {$id}");
    }
    return $f;
}

echo "1. Qiymat qaytaruvchi (qidiruv natijasi):\n";
foreach ([1, 99] as $id) {
    $f = foydalanuvchiTop($id);
    printf("   id=%-3d %s\n", $id, $f["ism"] ?? "(topilmadi)");
}

echo "\n2. Istisno tashlovchi (majburiy mavjud bo'lishi kerak):\n";
foreach ([2, 99] as $id) {
    try {
        printf("   id=%-3d %s\n", $id, foydalanuvchiTopYoki($id)["ism"]);
    } catch (OutOfBoundsException $x) {
        printf("   id=%-3d istisno: %s\n", $id, $x->getMessage());
    }
}

echo "\n";
echo "Qoida:\n";
echo "  Qidiruv 'topilmadi' qaytarishi NORMAL   -> null qaytaring\n";
echo "  Kirgan foydalanuvchi topilmasa          -> istisno tashlang\n";
echo "  (chunki bu ma'lumotlar butunligi buzilgani degani)\n";