OOP asoslari

// Har bir misol qat'iy turlar rejimida ishlaydi.

// Massiv bilan - hech qanday kafolat yo'q
$massiv = ["nom" => "Klaviatura", "narx" => 350000];
echo "Massiv: {$massiv['nom']}\n";
echo "Xato yozilgan kalit: " . ($massiv["narxi"] ?? "(yo'q - xato sezilmadi)") . "\n";

echo "\n";

// Sinf bilan - tuzilma majburiy
final class Mahsulot
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $nom,
        public readonly int $narxTiyin,
        public readonly int $soni = 0,
    ) {
        if ($nom === "") {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Nom bo'sh bo'lmasin");
        }
        if ($narxTiyin < 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Narx manfiy bo'lmasin");
        }
    }

    public function narxMatni(): string
    {
        return number_format($this->narxTiyin / 100, 2, ",", " ") . " so'm";
    }

    public function omborda(): bool
    {
        return $this->soni > 0;
    }

    public function jamiQiymat(): int
    {
        return $this->narxTiyin * $this->soni;
    }
}

$m = new Mahsulot("Klaviatura", 35000000, 12);

echo "Obyekt: {$m->nom}\n";
echo "Narxi:  {$m->narxMatni()}\n";
echo "Omborda: " . ($m->omborda() ? "ha" : "yo'q") . "\n";
echo "Jami:   " . number_format($m->jamiQiymat() / 100, 2, ",", " ") . " so'm\n";

echo "\n";
try {
    new Mahsulot("", 1000);
} catch (InvalidArgumentException $x) {
    echo "Konstruktor rad etdi: " . $x->getMessage() . "\n";
}

final class Buyurtma
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly int $id,
        public readonly string $mijoz,
        public readonly array $mahsulotlar,
        private string $holat = "yangi",
    ) {}

    public function holat(): string
    {
        return $this->holat;
    }

    // readonly bo'lmagan xossani o'zgartirish mumkin
    public function holatniOzgartir(string $yangi): void
    {
        $ruxsat = ["yangi", "tasdiqlangan", "yuborilgan", "yakunlangan", "bekor"];
        if (!in_array($yangi, $ruxsat, true)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Noma'lum holat: {$yangi}");
        }
        $this->holat = $yangi;
    }
}

$b = new Buyurtma(101, "Malika", ["Klaviatura", "Sichqoncha"]);

echo "Buyurtma #{$b->id}\n";
echo "Mijoz:    {$b->mijoz}\n";
echo "Holat:    {$b->holat()}\n";

$b->holatniOzgartir("tasdiqlangan");
echo "Yangi holat: {$b->holat()}\n";

echo "\n";
// readonly xossani o'zgartirishga urinish
try {
    $b->id = 999;
} catch (Error $x) {
    echo "readonly himoyasi ishladi:\n";
    echo "  " . $x->getMessage() . "\n";
}

echo "\n";
try {
    $b->holatniOzgartir("qandaydir");
} catch (InvalidArgumentException $x) {
    echo "Noto'g'ri holat rad etildi: " . $x->getMessage() . "\n";
}

class Hisob
{
    private int $balansTiyin = 0;
    private array $tarix = [];

    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $egasi,
        int $boshlangichTiyin = 0,
    ) {
        if ($boshlangichTiyin > 0) {
            $this->kirim($boshlangichTiyin, "boshlang'ich");
        }
    }

    public function kirim(int $tiyin, string $izoh = ""): void
    {
        if ($tiyin <= 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Summa musbat bo'lsin");
        }
        $this->balansTiyin += $tiyin;
        $this->yoz("+", $tiyin, $izoh);
    }

    public function chiqim(int $tiyin, string $izoh = ""): bool
    {
        if ($tiyin <= 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Summa musbat bo'lsin");
        }
        if ($tiyin > $this->balansTiyin) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->balansTiyin -= $tiyin;
        $this->yoz("-", $tiyin, $izoh);
        return true;
    }

    public function balans(): int
    {
        return $this->balansTiyin;
    }

    public function tarix(): array
    {
        return $this->tarix;       // NUSXA qaytariladi
    }

    // Faqat shu sinf ishlata oladi
    private function yoz(string $belgi, int $tiyin, string $izoh): void
    {
        $this->tarix[] = sprintf("%s%s %s", $belgi,
            number_format($tiyin / 100, 2, ",", " "), $izoh);
    }
}

$h = new Hisob("Husanboy Qodirov", 50000000);
$h->kirim(25000000, "oylik");
$ok = $h->chiqim(30000000, "ijara");
$yoq = $h->chiqim(99900000, "avtomobil");

printf("Egasi:  %s\n", $h->egasi);
printf("Balans: %s so'm\n", number_format($h->balans() / 100, 2, ",", " "));
printf("Katta chiqim amalga oshdimi: %s\n", $yoq ? "ha" : "yo'q");

echo "\nTarix:\n";
foreach ($h->tarix() as $q) {
    echo "  {$q}\n";
}

echo "\n";
// private xossaga tashqaridan murojaat
try {
    echo $h->balansTiyin;
} catch (Error $x) {
    echo "private himoyasi: " . substr($x->getMessage(), 0, 52) . "\n";
}

final class Hisoblagich
{
    private static int $yaratilgan = 0;
    private static array $royxat = [];

    public const ENG_KOP = 3;

    public function __construct(public readonly string $nom)
    {
        if (self::$yaratilgan >= self::ENG_KOP) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Eng ko'pi " . self::ENG_KOP . " ta yaratish mumkin"
            );
        }
        self::$yaratilgan++;
        self::$royxat[] = $nom;
    }

    public static function soni(): int
    {
        return self::$yaratilgan;
    }

    public static function royxat(): array
    {
        return self::$royxat;
    }

    // Nomli konstruktor - statik usulning eng foydali qo'llanishi
    public static function mehmon(): self
    {
        return new self("mehmon-" . (self::$yaratilgan + 1));
    }
}

echo "Boshlang'ich soni: " . Hisoblagich::soni() . "\n";
echo "Chegara (doimiy):  " . Hisoblagich::ENG_KOP . "\n\n";

$a = new Hisoblagich("birinchi");
$b = Hisoblagich::mehmon();
$c = new Hisoblagich("uchinchi");

echo "Yaratilganlar: " . implode(", ", Hisoblagich::royxat()) . "\n";
echo "Soni: " . Hisoblagich::soni() . "\n\n";

try {
    new Hisoblagich("tortinchi");
} catch (RuntimeException $x) {
    echo "Chegara ishladi: " . $x->getMessage() . "\n";
}

final class Sozlama
{
    private array $qiymatlar = [];

    public function __construct(array $boshlangich = [])
    {
        $this->qiymatlar = $boshlangich;
    }

    public function __get(string $nom): mixed
    {
        return $this->qiymatlar[$nom] ?? null;
    }

    public function __set(string $nom, mixed $qiymat): void
    {
        $this->qiymatlar[$nom] = $qiymat;
    }

    public function __isset(string $nom): bool
    {
        return isset($this->qiymatlar[$nom]);
    }

    public function __toString(): string
    {
        $qismlar = [];
        foreach ($this->qiymatlar as $k => $v) {
            $qismlar[] = $k . "=" . (is_bool($v) ? ($v ? "true" : "false") : (string) $v);
        }
        return implode(", ", $qismlar);
    }
}

$s = new Sozlama(["til" => "uz", "mavzu" => "tungi"]);

echo "__get:      " . $s->til . "\n";
echo "Yo'q kalit: " . var_export($s->rang, true) . "\n";

$s->hajm = 14;
echo "__set dan keyin hajm: {$s->hajm}\n";

echo "\n";
echo "__isset('til'):  " . (isset($s->til) ? "ha" : "yo'q") . "\n";
echo "__isset('rang'): " . (isset($s->rang) ? "ha" : "yo'q") . "\n";

echo "\n";
echo "__toString: {$s}\n";