Funksiyalar

// Har bir misol qat'iy turlar rejimida ishlaydi.

// Imzo hamma narsani aytadi: nima kiradi, nima chiqadi
function soliqHisobla(int $summa, float $foiz = 12.0): int
{
    return (int) round($summa * $foiz / 100);
}

// Hech narsa qaytarmaydigan funksiya - void
function jurnalgaYoz(string $xabar): void
{
    echo "  [jurnal] {$xabar}\n";
}

// null ham qaytarishi mumkin - ? belgisi
function foydalanuvchiTop(int $id): ?string
{
    $baza = [1 => "Husanboy", 2 => "Malika"];
    return $baza[$id] ?? null;
}

echo "Soliq (standart 12%):  " . soliqHisobla(1000000) . "\n";
echo "Soliq (15%):           " . soliqHisobla(1000000, 15.0) . "\n";

echo "\n";
jurnalgaYoz("hisob-kitob tugadi");

echo "\n";
foreach ([1, 2, 99] as $id) {
    $ism = foydalanuvchiTop($id);
    printf("  id=%-3d %s\n", $id, $ism ?? "(topilmadi)");
}

function xabarYubor(
    string $kimga,
    string $matn,
    string $turi = "xabar",
    bool $shoshilinch = false,
    bool $nusxaSaqla = true
): string {
    $belgi = $shoshilinch ? "!" : " ";
    $nusxa = $nusxaSaqla ? "saqlandi" : "saqlanmadi";
    return sprintf("%s [%s] %s -> %s (%s)", $belgi, $turi, $matn, $kimga, $nusxa);
}

echo "Faqat majburiy argumentlar:\n";
echo xabarYubor("Malika", "Yig'ilish 10:00 da") . "\n";

echo "\nHamma argument tartib bilan:\n";
echo xabarYubor("Nodira", "Server ishlamayapti", "ogohlantirish", true, false) . "\n";

echo "\nNomli argumentlar - faqat kerakligini beramiz:\n";
echo xabarYubor(
    kimga: "Husanboy",
    matn: "Zaxira nusxa tayyor",
    shoshilinch: true
) . "\n";

echo "\nTartibni ham o'zgartirish mumkin:\n";
echo xabarYubor(
    matn: "Hisobot yuborildi",
    kimga: "Aziza",
    nusxaSaqla: false
) . "\n";

// ... - istalgancha argument qabul qiladi
function yigindi(int ...$sonlar): int
{
    return array_sum($sonlar);
}

function engKattasi(int $birinchi, int ...$qolganlari): int
{
    return max($birinchi, ...$qolganlari);
}

echo "yigindi():          " . yigindi() . "\n";
echo "yigindi(1,2,3):     " . yigindi(1, 2, 3) . "\n";
echo "yigindi(10,20,30):  " . yigindi(10, 20, 30) . "\n";

echo "\n";
// Massivni argumentlarga yoyish - yana ... belgisi
$ballar = [88, 94, 76, 91];
echo "Massivdan yoyish:   " . yigindi(...$ballar) . "\n";
echo "Eng kattasi:        " . engKattasi(...$ballar) . "\n";

echo "\n";
// Assotsiativ massivni nomli argumentlarga yoyish
function kartaYasa(string $ism, string $shahar, int $yosh): string
{
    return "{$ism}, {$yosh} yosh, {$shahar}";
}

$malumot = ["ism" => "Kamola", "yosh" => 23, "shahar" => "Namangan"];
echo "Nomli yoyish:       " . kartaYasa(...$malumot) . "\n";

$soliqFoizi = 12;

// Oddiy anonim funksiya - tashqi o'zgaruvchini KO'RMAYDI
$oddiy = function (int $summa): int {
    // $soliqFoizi bu yerda mavjud emas
    return $summa;
};

// use bilan - qiymat NUSXASI olinadi
$nusxaBilan = function (int $summa) use ($soliqFoizi): int {
    return (int) round($summa * $soliqFoizi / 100);
};

echo "use bilan (12%): " . $nusxaBilan(1000000) . "\n";

// Foizni o'zgartiramiz
$soliqFoizi = 20;
echo "Foiz 20 ga o'zgardi, lekin funksiya hali ham: "
   . $nusxaBilan(1000000) . "\n";
echo "Sabab: use qiymatni YARATILISH paytida nusxalaydi.\n";

echo "\n";
// Havola bilan - o'zgarishni ko'radi
$hisoblagich = 0;
$oshir = function () use (&$hisoblagich): void {
    $hisoblagich++;
};

$oshir();
$oshir();
$oshir();
echo "Havola bilan hisoblagich: {$hisoblagich}\n";

echo "\n";
// O'q funksiyasi - use SHART EMAS, o'zi ko'radi
$chegirma = 15;
$hisobla = fn(int $narx): int => (int) round($narx * (100 - $chegirma) / 100);
echo "O'q funksiyasi (15% chegirma): " . $hisobla(200000) . "\n";

function statistikaHisobla(array $sonlar): array
{
    if ($sonlar === []) {
        return ["soni" => 0, "jami" => 0, "ortacha" => 0.0, "eng" => 0];
    }

    return [
        "soni"    => count($sonlar),
        "jami"    => array_sum($sonlar),
        "ortacha" => round(array_sum($sonlar) / count($sonlar), 2),
        "eng"     => max($sonlar),
    ];
}

$natija = statistikaHisobla([88, 94, 76, 91, 83]);

echo "Massiv sifatida:\n";
foreach ($natija as $kalit => $qiymat) {
    printf("  %-10s %s\n", $kalit, $qiymat);
}

echo "\n";
// Massivni o'zgaruvchilarga yoyish
["soni" => $soni, "ortacha" => $ortacha] = $natija;
echo "Yoyilgan: {$soni} ta talaba, o'rtacha {$ortacha}\n";

echo "\n";
// Indeksli massivni yoyish
function minMax(array $sonlar): array
{
    return [min($sonlar), max($sonlar)];
}

[$eng_kam, $eng_kop] = minMax([88, 94, 76, 91, 83]);
echo "Eng kam: {$eng_kam}, eng ko'p: {$eng_kop}\n";

function katalogniChiz(array $tuzilma, int $daraja = 0): void
{
    foreach ($tuzilma as $nom => $ichi) {
        echo str_repeat("    ", $daraja);

        if (is_array($ichi)) {
            echo "[+] {$nom}\n";
            katalogniChiz($ichi, $daraja + 1);
        } else {
            echo " -  {$nom} ({$ichi} KB)\n";
        }
    }
}

$loyiha = [
    "app" => [
        "Models" => ["Foydalanuvchi.php" => 4, "Buyurtma.php" => 7],
        "Views"  => ["bosh.php" => 12],
    ],
    "public" => [
        "index.php" => 2,
        "assets" => ["style.css" => 24],
    ],
    "README.md" => 3,
];

katalogniChiz($loyiha);

echo "\n";
// Rekursiv hajm hisoblash
function jamiHajm(array $tuzilma): int
{
    $jami = 0;
    foreach ($tuzilma as $ichi) {
        $jami += is_array($ichi) ? jamiHajm($ichi) : $ichi;
    }
    return $jami;
}

echo "Jami hajm: " . jamiHajm($loyiha) . " KB\n";