Satrlar bilan ishlash

// Har bir misol qat'iy turlar rejimida ishlaydi.

$ism = "Husanboy";
$yosh = 25;

// Qo'shtirnoq - o'zgaruvchilarni O'RNIGA QO'YADI
echo "Qo'shtirnoq: {$ism}, {$yosh} yosh\n";

// Apostrof - matnni AYNAN chiqaradi
echo 'Apostrof:   {$ism}, {$yosh} yosh' . "\n";

echo "\n";
// Maxsus belgilar faqat qo'shtirnoqda ishlaydi
echo "Qo'shtirnoqda \\t tabulyatsiya:\tmana\n";
echo 'Apostrofda \t tabulyatsiya:\tmana' . "\n";

echo "\n";
// Murakkab ifodalar uchun figurali qavs SHART
$mahsulot = ["nom" => "Klaviatura", "narx" => 350000];
echo "Massiv elementi: {$mahsulot['nom']}\n";
echo "Narxi: {$mahsulot['narx']} so'm\n";

$mijoz = "Malika";
$summa = 450000;

// Heredoc - qo'shtirnoq kabi ishlaydi (o'zgaruvchi qo'yiladi)
$xat = <<<MATN
    Hurmatli {$mijoz},

    Sizning buyurtmangiz qabul qilindi.
    To'lov summasi: {$summa} so'm.

    Hurmat bilan,
    Softromeda
    MATN;

echo $xat . "\n";

echo "\n" . str_repeat("=", 40) . "\n\n";

// Nowdoc - apostrof kabi (o'zgaruvchi qo'yilmaydi)
$shablon = <<<'SHABLON'
    Hurmatli {$mijoz},
    Summa: {$summa}
    SHABLON;

echo $shablon . "\n";

$matn = "  Zamonaviy PHP dasturlash  ";

printf("%-28s %s\n", "Asl (qavs ichida):", "[{$matn}]");
printf("%-28s %s\n", "trim:", "[" . trim($matn) . "]");
printf("%-28s %s\n", "ltrim:", "[" . ltrim($matn) . "]");
printf("%-28s %s\n", "rtrim:", "[" . rtrim($matn) . "]");

$t = trim($matn);
echo "\n";
printf("%-28s %d\n", "strlen (bayt):", strlen($t));
printf("%-28s %s\n", "strtoupper:", strtoupper($t));
printf("%-28s %s\n", "strtolower:", strtolower($t));
printf("%-28s %s\n", "ucfirst:", ucfirst(strtolower($t)));
printf("%-28s %s\n", "ucwords:", ucwords(strtolower($t)));

echo "\n";
printf("%-28s %s\n", "str_contains 'PHP':", str_contains($t, "PHP") ? "ha" : "yo'q");
printf("%-28s %s\n", "str_starts_with 'Zamon':", str_starts_with($t, "Zamon") ? "ha" : "yo'q");
printf("%-28s %s\n", "str_ends_with 'lash':", str_ends_with($t, "lash") ? "ha" : "yo'q");
printf("%-28s %d\n", "strpos 'PHP':", strpos($t, "PHP"));
printf("%-28s %s\n", "substr(0, 9):", substr($t, 0, 9));
printf("%-28s %s\n", "str_replace:", str_replace("PHP", "PHP 8", $t));

$uz = "O'zbekiston";
$rus = "Привет";

echo "strlen('{$uz}')      = " . strlen($uz) . " bayt\n";
echo "mb_strlen('{$uz}')   = " . mb_strlen($uz) . " belgi\n";

echo "\n";
echo "strlen('{$rus}')        = " . strlen($rus) . " bayt\n";
echo "mb_strlen('{$rus}')     = " . mb_strlen($rus) . " belgi\n";

echo "\n";
echo "Kirill harflar ikki baytdan iborat - shuning uchun farq bor.\n";

echo "\n";
echo "Noto'g'ri kesish (substr):    " . substr($rus, 0, 5) . "|\n";
echo "To'g'ri kesish (mb_substr):   " . mb_substr($rus, 0, 5) . "|\n";

echo "\n";
echo "strtoupper (kirill uchun ishlamaydi): " . strtoupper($rus) . "\n";
echo "mb_strtoupper (to'g'ri):              " . mb_strtoupper($rus) . "\n";

$qator = "klaviatura,sichqoncha,monitor,quloqchin";

$royxat = explode(",", $qator);
echo "Elementlar soni: " . count($royxat) . "\n";
foreach ($royxat as $i => $element) {
    echo "  [{$i}] {$element}\n";
}

echo "\n";
echo "Qayta birlashtirish: " . implode(" | ", $royxat) . "\n";

echo "\n";
// Cheklangan bo'lish
$sana = "2024-09-01";
[$yil, $oy, $kun] = explode("-", $sana);
echo "Yil: {$yil}, Oy: {$oy}, Kun: {$kun}\n";

echo "\n";
// Bo'sh elementlarni tozalash
$tartibsiz = "olma, , anor,  ,behi";
$toza = array_values(array_filter(
    array_map("trim", explode(",", $tartibsiz)),
    static fn(string $x): bool => $x !== ""
));
echo "Tozalangan: " . implode(", ", $toza) . "\n";
echo "Soni: " . count($toza) . "\n";

$narx = 1234567.891;

echo "number_format:\n";
echo "  standart:    " . number_format($narx) . "\n";
echo "  2 xona:      " . number_format($narx, 2) . "\n";
echo "  o'zbekcha:   " . number_format($narx, 2, ",", " ") . " so'm\n";

echo "\n";
echo "printf/sprintf:\n";
printf("  %%d butun:       %d\n", $narx);
printf("  %%.2f kasr:      %.2f\n", $narx);
printf("  %%10.2f o'ngga:  %10.2f\n", 42.5);
printf("  %%-10s chapga:   [%-10s]\n", "matn");
printf("  %%05d nol bilan: %05d\n", 42);
printf("  %%x o'n oltilik: %x\n", 255);
printf("  %%b ikkilik:     %b\n", 10);

echo "\n";
$satr = sprintf("Buyurtma #%04d - %s", 7, "tayyor");
echo "sprintf natijasi: {$satr}\n";

echo "\n";
echo "str_pad bilan jadval:\n";
$qatorlar = [["Non", 4000], ["Sut", 12500], ["Shakar", 9800]];
foreach ($qatorlar as [$nom, $narxi]) {
    echo "  " . str_pad($nom, 12, ".") . str_pad((string) $narxi, 8, " ", STR_PAD_LEFT) . "\n";
}

function slugYasa(string $matn): string
{
    $matn = mb_strtolower($matn, "UTF-8");

    // 1-qadam: APOSTROFLARNI butunlay olib tashlaymiz.
    // Ularni tire qilib qoldirsak, "ta'lim" -> "ta-lim" bo'lardi.
    // O'zbek tilida apostrof harfning bir qismi, so'z ajratgichi emas.
    $apostroflar = ["'", "\u{2018}", "\u{2019}", "\u{02BB}", "\u{02BC}"];
    $matn = str_replace($apostroflar, "", $matn);

    // 2-qadam: qolgan hamma narsani tire bilan almashtiramiz
    $matn = preg_replace("/[^a-z0-9]+/u", "-", $matn) ?? "";
    $matn = trim($matn, "-");

    return $matn === "" ? "sahifa" : $matn;
}

$sarlavhalar = [
    "Zamonaviy PHP dasturlash",
    "O'zbekistonda IT ta'lim",
    "Ma'lumotlar bazasi: PDO bilan ishlash",
    "   Bo'sh   joylar   ko'p   ",
    "!!!",
];

foreach ($sarlavhalar as $s) {
    printf("%-42s -> %s\n", "\"{$s}\"", slugYasa($s));
}