Vorislik, interfeys va trait

// Har bir misol qat'iy turlar rejimida ishlaydi.

interface Tolov
{
    public function tolash(int $tiyin): bool;
    public function nomi(): string;
    public function komissiya(int $tiyin): int;
}

final class Karta implements Tolov
{
    private int $balans;

    public function __construct(int $boshlangich)
    {
        $this->balans = $boshlangich;
    }

    public function tolash(int $tiyin): bool
    {
        $jami = $tiyin + $this->komissiya($tiyin);
        if ($jami > $this->balans) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->balans -= $jami;
        return true;
    }

    public function nomi(): string { return "karta"; }
    public function komissiya(int $tiyin): int { return (int) round($tiyin * 0.01); }
    public function balans(): int { return $this->balans; }
}

final class Naqd implements Tolov
{
    public function tolash(int $tiyin): bool { return $tiyin > 0; }
    public function nomi(): string { return "naqd"; }
    public function komissiya(int $tiyin): int { return 0; }
}

final class Payme implements Tolov
{
    public function tolash(int $tiyin): bool { return $tiyin >= 100000; }
    public function nomi(): string { return "payme"; }
    public function komissiya(int $tiyin): int { return (int) round($tiyin * 0.005); }
}

// Funksiya INTERFEYSNI biladi, aniq sinfni emas
function xaridQil(Tolov $usul, int $tiyin): string
{
    $ok = $usul->tolash($tiyin);
    return sprintf(
        "%-7s %12s  komissiya %10s  %s",
        $usul->nomi(),
        number_format($tiyin / 100, 2, ",", " "),
        number_format($usul->komissiya($tiyin) / 100, 2, ",", " "),
        $ok ? "qabul qilindi" : "RAD ETILDI"
    );
}

$usullar = [new Karta(100000000), new Naqd(), new Payme()];

foreach ($usullar as $u) {
    echo xaridQil($u, 30000000) . "\n";
}

echo "\n";
echo xaridQil(new Payme(), 50000) . "  (chegaradan kam)\n";

abstract class Hisobot
{
    public function __construct(protected readonly array $qatorlar) {}

    // Voris SINFLAR MAJBURIY amalga oshiradi
    abstract protected function sarlavha(): string;
    abstract protected function qatorniChiz(array $qator): string;

    // Umumiy mantiq - bir marta yozilgan
    final public function chiqar(): string
    {
        $natija = [$this->sarlavha(), str_repeat("-", 44)];

        foreach ($this->qatorlar as $q) {
            $natija[] = $this->qatorniChiz($q);
        }

        $natija[] = str_repeat("-", 44);
        $natija[] = sprintf("Jami: %d qator", count($this->qatorlar));

        return implode("\n", $natija);
    }
}

final class SotuvHisoboti extends Hisobot
{
    protected function sarlavha(): string
    {
        return sprintf("%-16s %10s %14s", "MAHSULOT", "SONI", "SUMMA");
    }

    protected function qatorniChiz(array $q): string
    {
        return sprintf(
            "%-16s %10d %14s",
            $q["nom"],
            $q["soni"],
            number_format($q["summa"], 0, ",", " ")
        );
    }
}

final class QisqaHisobot extends Hisobot
{
    protected function sarlavha(): string
    {
        return "QISQA RO'YXAT";
    }

    protected function qatorniChiz(array $q): string
    {
        return "  - {$q['nom']} ({$q['soni']} dona)";
    }
}

$malumot = [
    ["nom" => "Klaviatura", "soni" => 12, "summa" => 4200000],
    ["nom" => "Sichqoncha", "soni" => 40, "summa" => 4800000],
    ["nom" => "Monitor",    "soni" => 5,  "summa" => 12000000],
];

echo (new SotuvHisoboti($malumot))->chiqar() . "\n\n";
echo (new QisqaHisobot($malumot))->chiqar() . "\n";

trait VaqtBelgisi
{
    private ?string $yaratilgan = null;
    private ?string $ozgartirilgan = null;

    public function vaqtBelgila(string $sana): void
    {
        $this->yaratilgan ??= $sana;
        $this->ozgartirilgan = $sana;
    }

    public function vaqtMatni(): string
    {
        return sprintf(
            "yaratilgan: %s, o'zgartirilgan: %s",
            $this->yaratilgan ?? "-",
            $this->ozgartirilgan ?? "-"
        );
    }
}

trait Jurnal
{
    private array $yozuvlar = [];

    public function jurnalgaYoz(string $xabar): void
    {
        $this->yozuvlar[] = $xabar;
    }

    public function jurnal(): array
    {
        return $this->yozuvlar;
    }
}

final class Maqola
{
    use VaqtBelgisi;
    use Jurnal;

    public function __construct(public readonly string $sarlavha) {}

    public function nashrQil(string $sana): void
    {
        $this->vaqtBelgila($sana);
        $this->jurnalgaYoz("nashr qilindi: {$sana}");
    }
}

final class Mahsulot
{
    use VaqtBelgisi;      // faqat bittasi kerak

    public function __construct(public readonly string $nom) {}
}

$m = new Maqola("Zamonaviy PHP");
$m->nashrQil("2024-09-01");
$m->vaqtBelgila("2024-09-05");
$m->jurnalgaYoz("tahrirlandi");

echo "Maqola: {$m->sarlavha}\n";
echo "  {$m->vaqtMatni()}\n";
echo "  jurnal:\n";
foreach ($m->jurnal() as $y) {
    echo "    - {$y}\n";
}

echo "\n";
$p = new Mahsulot("Klaviatura");
$p->vaqtBelgila("2024-08-15");
echo "Mahsulot: {$p->nom}\n";
echo "  {$p->vaqtMatni()}\n";

echo "\n";
echo "Maqola VaqtBelgisi dan foydalanadimi: "
   . (in_array(VaqtBelgisi::class, class_uses(Maqola::class), true) ? "ha" : "yo'q") . "\n";
echo "Mahsulot Jurnal dan foydalanadimi:   "
   . (in_array(Jurnal::class, class_uses(Mahsulot::class), true) ? "ha" : "yo'q") . "\n";

// YOMON: Stek vector dan voris qilinsa, hamma amal ochiladi
// final class Stek extends ArrayObject {}   // push, offsetSet, ...

// YAXSHI: kompozitsiya - faqat kerakli amal ochiladi
final class Stek
{
    private array $elementlar = [];

    public function qoy(mixed $q): void
    {
        $this->elementlar[] = $q;
    }

    public function ol(): mixed
    {
        if ($this->elementlar === []) {
            throw new UnderflowException("Stek bo'sh");
        }
        return array_pop($this->elementlar);
    }

    public function tepa(): mixed
    {
        return $this->elementlar[array_key_last($this->elementlar)] ?? null;
    }

    public function boshmi(): bool { return $this->elementlar === []; }
    public function soni(): int { return count($this->elementlar); }
}

$s = new Stek();
foreach ([10, 20, 30] as $q) {
    $s->qoy($q);
}

echo "Elementlar: {$s->soni()}\n";
echo "Tepasi:     {$s->tepa()}\n";

echo "Chiqarish:  ";
$chiqqan = [];
while (!$s->boshmi()) {
    $chiqqan[] = $s->ol();
}
echo implode(" ", $chiqqan) . "\n";

try {
    $s->ol();
} catch (UnderflowException $x) {
    echo "Bo'sh stekdan olish: " . $x->getMessage() . "\n";
}

echo "\n";
$usullar = get_class_methods(Stek::class);
sort($usullar);
echo "Stek ochadigan amallar (" . count($usullar) . " ta): "
   . implode(", ", $usullar) . "\n";
echo "ArrayObject dan voris bo'lganda 25 dan ortiq amal ochilardi.\n";