Xatoliklar va istisnolar

try:
    son = int(input("Son kiriting: "))
    natija = 100 / son
    print(f"Natija: {natija}")
except ValueError:
    print("Xato: faqat son kiriting!")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Xato: nolga bo'lib bo'lmaydi!")

try:
    qiymat = int(input("Son: "))
    print(10 / qiymat)
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as xato:
    print(f"Kiritishda muammo: {xato}")

try:
    fayl = open("malumot.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8")
    mazmun = fayl.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("Fayl topilmadi!")
else:
    # xato bo'lmaganda bajariladi
    print(f"Fayl o'qildi: {len(mazmun)} belgi")
    fayl.close()
finally:
    # HAR DOIM bajariladi
    print("Amal tugadi.")

try:
    sonlar = [1, 2, 3]
    print(sonlar[10])
except IndexError as xato:
    print(f"Xato turi:  {type(xato).__name__}")
    print(f"Xabar:      {xato}")

def yosh_tekshir(yosh):
    if not isinstance(yosh, int):
        raise TypeError("Yosh butun son bo'lishi kerak")
    if yosh < 0:
        raise ValueError("Yosh manfiy bo'lishi mumkin emas")
    if yosh > 150:
        raise ValueError("Yosh 150 dan katta bo'lishi mumkin emas")
    return f"Yosh qabul qilindi: {yosh}"


print(yosh_tekshir(25))

try:
    yosh_tekshir(-5)
except ValueError as xato:
    print(f"Tekshiruv muvaffaqiyatsiz: {xato}")

class HisobXatosi(Exception):
    """Bank hisobi bilan bog'liq xatolar uchun asosiy klass."""
    pass


class MablagYetarliEmas(HisobXatosi):
    """Balansda yetarli mablag' bo'lmaganda ko'tariladi."""

    def __init__(self, talab_qilingan, mavjud):
        self.talab_qilingan = talab_qilingan
        self.mavjud = mavjud
        self.yetishmaydi = talab_qilingan - mavjud
        super().__init__(
            f"Mablag' yetarli emas: {yetishmaydi_matn(self.yetishmaydi)} kerak"
        )


def yetishmaydi_matn(summa):
    return f"{summa:,} so'm"


def pul_yechish(balans, summa):
    if summa > balans:
        raise MablagYetarliEmas(summa, balans)
    return balans - summa


try:
    yangi_balans = pul_yechish(500_000, 800_000)
except MablagYetarliEmas as xato:
    print(f"Amal bajarilmadi: {xato}")
    print(f"Yetishmayotgan summa: {xato.yetishmaydi:,} so'm")

def son_sora(xabar: str, eng_kam: int = None, eng_kop: int = None) -> int:
    """Foydalanuvchidan to'g'ri son kiritilgunicha so'raydi."""
    while True:
        try:
            qiymat = int(input(xabar))
        except ValueError:
            print("  ! Faqat butun son kiriting.")
            continue

        if eng_kam is not None and qiymat < eng_kam:
            print(f"  ! Qiymat {eng_kam} dan kichik bo'lmasin.")
            continue
        if eng_kop is not None and qiymat > eng_kop:
            print(f"  ! Qiymat {eng_kop} dan katta bo'lmasin.")
            continue

        return qiymat


yosh = son_sora("Yoshingiz: ", eng_kam=1, eng_kop=120)
print(f"Rahmat! Sizga {yosh} yosh.")

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    filename="xatolar.log",
    level=logging.INFO,
    format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s",
    encoding="utf-8",
)

def bolish(bolinuvchi, boluvchi):
    try:
        natija = bolinuvchi / boluvchi
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        logging.error(f"Nolga bo'lishga urinish: {bolinuvchi} / {boluvchi}")
        return None
    else:
        logging.info(f"Muvaffaqiyatli: {bolinuvchi} / {boluvchi} = {natija}")
        return natija


print(bolish(10, 2))
print(bolish(10, 0))

2026-09-08 14:42:03 [INFO] Muvaffaqiyatli: 10 / 2 = 5.0
2026-09-08 14:42:03 [ERROR] Nolga bo'lishga urinish: 10 / 0

# ============================================
# Xatolarga chidamli CSV o'quvchi
# ============================================

import csv
from pathlib import Path


def csv_oqish(yol: str) -> list:
    """CSV faylni xavfsiz o'qiydi va lug'atlar ro'yxatini qaytaradi."""
    fayl_yoli = Path(yol)

    try:
        with open(fayl_yoli, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
            return list(csv.DictReader(fayl))

    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"  [XATO] Fayl topilmadi: {fayl_yoli}")
        return []
    except PermissionError:
        print(f"  [XATO] Faylga kirish taqiqlangan: {fayl_yoli}")
        return []
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        print(f"  [XATO] Fayl kodlashi noto'g'ri. UTF-8 ekanini tekshiring.")
        return []
    finally:
        print(f"  Fayl o'qish amali tugadi: {fayl_yoli.name}")


def ortacha_baho(qatorlar: list) -> float:
    """Baholar ustuni bo'yicha o'rtachani hisoblaydi, buzuq qatorlarni tashlab ketadi."""
    baholar = []
    buzuq = 0

    for tartib, qator in enumerate(qatorlar, start=2):
        try:
            baholar.append(int(qator["baho"]))
        except (ValueError, KeyError):
            buzuq += 1
            print(f"  [OGOHLANTIRISH] {tartib}-qatordagi baho o'qilmadi")

    if buzuq:
        print(f"  Jami {buzuq} ta qator tashlab yuborildi")

    if not baholar:
        return 0.0
    return sum(baholar) / len(baholar)


qatorlar = csv_oqish("guruh.csv")
if qatorlar:
    print(f"\nO'rtacha baho: {ortacha_baho(qatorlar):.1f}")
else:
    print("\nMa'lumot o'qilmadi.")