Fayllar bilan ishlash

fayl = open("malumot.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8")
fayl.write("Salom, dunyo!")
fayl.close()          # yopishni unutmaslik kerak

with open("malumot.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    fayl.write("Salom, dunyo!")
# bu yerda fayl avtomatik yopiladi - xato bo'lsa ham

talabalar = ["Husanboy Qodirov", "Sardor Aliyev", "Malika Yusupova"]

# Bitta satr
with open("talabalar.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    fayl.write("GURUH RO'YXATI\n")
    fayl.write("=" * 20 + "\n")

# Ko'p satr qo'shish
with open("talabalar.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    for tartib, ism in enumerate(talabalar, start=1):
        fayl.write(f"{tartib}. {ism}\n")

print("Fayl yozildi.")

# 1. To'liq mazmunni bitta satrga
with open("talabalar.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    mazmun = fayl.read()
print(mazmun)

# 2. Satrlar ro'yxati sifatida
with open("talabalar.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    satrlar = fayl.readlines()

print(f"Satrlar soni: {len(satrlar)}")
print(satrlar[2].strip())

# 3. Satrma-satr (eng samarali usul)
with open("talabalar.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    for raqam, satr in enumerate(fayl, start=1):
        print(f"{raqam:>2}: {satr.rstrip()}")

import os

if os.path.exists("talabalar.txt"):
    hajm = os.path.getsize("talabalar.txt")
    print(f"Fayl mavjud, hajmi: {hajm} bayt")
else:
    print("Fayl topilmadi")

# Zamonaviy usul - pathlib
from pathlib import Path

fayl = Path("talabalar.txt")
print(f"Mavjudmi:  {fayl.exists()}")
print(f"Nomi:      {fayl.name}")
print(f"Kengaytma: {fayl.suffix}")
print(f"Papka:     {fayl.parent}")

from pathlib import Path

fayl = Path("qayd.txt")

fayl.write_text("Bugungi qaydlar\n", encoding="utf-8")
mazmun = fayl.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
print(mazmun)

import os
import shutil

os.rename("eski.txt", "yangi.txt")        # nomini o'zgartirish
shutil.copy("yangi.txt", "nusxa.txt")     # nusxa olish
shutil.move("nusxa.txt", "arxiv/")        # ko'chirish
os.remove("nusxa.txt")                    # o'chirish

os.makedirs("hisobotlar/2026", exist_ok=True)   # papka yaratish
print(os.listdir("."))                    # papka mazmunini ko'rish

import csv

talabalar = [
    ["Ism", "Yosh", "Shahar", "Baho"],
    ["Husanboy Qodirov", 25, "Namangan", 85],
    ["Sardor Aliyev", 25, "Toshkent", 78],
    ["Malika Yusupova", 21, "Buxoro", 95],
]

# Yozish
with open("talabalar.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as fayl:
    yozuvchi = csv.writer(fayl)
    yozuvchi.writerows(talabalar)

# O'qish
with open("talabalar.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    oquvchi = csv.reader(fayl)
    for qator in oquvchi:
        print(f"{qator[0]:<20}{qator[1]:>5}{qator[3]:>6}")

import csv

# Lug'atlar bilan yozish
talabalar = [
    {"ism": "Husanboy", "yosh": 25, "baho": 85},
    {"ism": "Sardor", "yosh": 25, "baho": 78},
]

with open("guruh.csv", "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as fayl:
    ustunlar = ["ism", "yosh", "baho"]
    yozuvchi = csv.DictWriter(fayl, fieldnames=ustunlar)
    yozuvchi.writeheader()
    yozuvchi.writerows(talabalar)

# Lug'atlar sifatida o'qish
with open("guruh.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    for qator in csv.DictReader(fayl):
        print(f"{qator['ism']}: {qator['baho']} ball")

import json

sozlamalar = {
    "til": "uz",
    "mavzu": "yorug'",
    "bildirishnomalar": True,
    "oxirgi_kirish": "2026-09-08",
    "sevimli_darsliklar": ["Python", "SQL", "Git"],
    "profil": {
        "ism": "Husanboy",
        "yosh": 25,
    },
}

# Faylga yozish
with open("sozlamalar.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    json.dump(sozlamalar, fayl, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

# Fayldan o'qish
with open("sozlamalar.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
    yuklangan = json.load(fayl)

print(yuklangan["profil"]["ism"])
print(yuklangan["sevimli_darsliklar"])

{
    "til": "uz",
    "mavzu": "yorug'",
    "bildirishnomalar": true,
    "oxirgi_kirish": "2026-09-08",
    "sevimli_darsliklar": ["Python", "SQL", "Git"],
    "profil": {
        "ism": "Husanboy",
        "yosh": 25
    }
}

# ============================================
# Oddiy qaydlar ilovasi (JSON saqlash bilan)
# ============================================

import json
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path

FAYL = Path("qaydlar.json")


def qaydlarni_yukla() -> list:
    """Fayldan qaydlarni o'qiydi, fayl yo'q bo'lsa bo'sh ro'yxat qaytaradi."""
    if not FAYL.exists():
        return []
    with open(FAYL, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
        return json.load(fayl)


def qaydlarni_saqla(qaydlar: list) -> None:
    """Qaydlarni faylga yozadi."""
    with open(FAYL, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fayl:
        json.dump(qaydlar, fayl, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)


def qayd_qosh(qaydlar: list, matn: str) -> None:
    """Yangi qayd qo'shadi."""
    qaydlar.append({
        "id": len(qaydlar) + 1,
        "matn": matn,
        "sana": datetime.now().strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M"),
        "bajarildi": False,
    })


def qaydlarni_chiqar(qaydlar: list) -> None:
    """Qaydlarni jadval ko'rinishida chiqaradi."""
    if not qaydlar:
        print("Qaydlar yo'q.")
        return

    print("=" * 56)
    print(f"{'#':<4}{'Holat':<8}{'Qayd':<28}{'Sana':>16}")
    print("=" * 56)
    for qayd in qaydlar:
        belgi = "[x]" if qayd["bajarildi"] else "[ ]"
        print(f"{qayd['id']:<4}{belgi:<8}{qayd['matn']:<28}{qayd['sana']:>16}")
    print("=" * 56)


# Dasturni ishlatish
qaydlar = qaydlarni_yukla()

qayd_qosh(qaydlar, "Python 13-bo'limni o'qish")
qayd_qosh(qaydlar, "Amaliy topshiriqni bajarish")
qaydlar[0]["bajarildi"] = True

qaydlarni_saqla(qaydlar)
qaydlarni_chiqar(qaydlar)

print(f"\nJami: {len(qaydlar)} ta qayd")
print(f"Bajarilgan: {sum(1 for q in qaydlar if q['bajarildi'])} ta")