Amaliy loyiha - Xarajatlar hisoblagichi

# modellar.py
"""Loyiha ma'lumot modellari."""

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import date
from enum import Enum


class AmalTuri(Enum):
    """Amal turi: daromad yoki xarajat."""
    DAROMAD = "daromad"
    XARAJAT = "xarajat"


TOIFALAR = {
    AmalTuri.XARAJAT: [
        "Oziq-ovqat", "Transport", "Kommunal", "Ta'lim",
        "Sog'liq", "Kiyim", "Ko'ngilochar", "Boshqa",
    ],
    AmalTuri.DAROMAD: ["Oylik", "Qo'shimcha ish", "Sovg'a", "Boshqa"],
}


@dataclass
class Amal:
    """Bitta moliyaviy amal."""

    turi: AmalTuri
    toifa: str
    summa: int
    izoh: str = ""
    sana: date = field(default_factory=date.today)
    id: int | None = None

    def __post_init__(self):
        """Obyekt yaratilgandan keyin tekshiruv."""
        if self.summa <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Summa musbat son bo'lishi kerak")
        if self.toifa not in TOIFALAR[self.turi]:
            ruxsat = ", ".join(TOIFALAR[self.turi])
            raise ValueError(f"Noto'g'ri toifa. Ruxsat etilgan: {ruxsat}")

    @property
    def belgili_summa(self) -> int:
        """Daromad musbat, xarajat manfiy ko'rinishda."""
        return self.summa if self.turi == AmalTuri.DAROMAD else -self.summa

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        belgi = "+" if self.turi == AmalTuri.DAROMAD else "-"
        return (f"{self.sana.strftime('%d.%m.%Y')}  {self.toifa:<14}"
                f"{belgi}{self.summa:>12,} so'm  {self.izoh}")

# baza.py
"""SQLite bazasi bilan ishlash qatlami."""

import sqlite3
from contextlib import contextmanager
from datetime import date
from pathlib import Path

from modellar import Amal, AmalTuri

BAZA_YOLI = Path("xarajatlar.db")


@contextmanager
def ulanish():
    """Bazaga ulanadi va yakunda albatta yopadi."""
    aloqa = sqlite3.connect(BAZA_YOLI)
    aloqa.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
    try:
        yield aloqa
        aloqa.commit()
    except Exception:
        aloqa.rollback()
        raise
    finally:
        aloqa.close()


def bazani_tayyorla() -> None:
    """Jadval mavjud bo'lmasa yaratadi."""
    with ulanish() as aloqa:
        aloqa.execute("""
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS amallar (
                id     INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                turi   TEXT    NOT NULL,
                toifa  TEXT    NOT NULL,
                summa  INTEGER NOT NULL,
                izoh   TEXT    DEFAULT '',
                sana   TEXT    NOT NULL
            )
        """)
        aloqa.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sana ON amallar (sana)")


def amal_qosh(amal: Amal) -> int:
    """Yangi amalni bazaga yozadi va uning id sini qaytaradi."""
    with ulanish() as aloqa:
        kursor = aloqa.execute(
            "INSERT INTO amallar (turi, toifa, summa, izoh, sana) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
            (amal.turi.value, amal.toifa, amal.summa, amal.izoh, amal.sana.isoformat()),
        )
        return kursor.lastrowid


def amallarni_ol(oy: int | None = None, yil: int | None = None) -> list[Amal]:
    """Amallarni o'qiydi, oy va yil bo'yicha filtrlash mumkin."""
    sorov = "SELECT * FROM amallar"
    parametrlar = []

    if oy and yil:
        sorov += " WHERE strftime('%m', sana) = ? AND strftime('%Y', sana) = ?"
        parametrlar = [f"{oy:02d}", str(yil)]

    sorov += " ORDER BY sana DESC, id DESC"

    with ulanish() as aloqa:
        qatorlar = aloqa.execute(sorov, parametrlar).fetchall()

    return [
        Amal(
            id=qator["id"],
            turi=AmalTuri(qator["turi"]),
            toifa=qator["toifa"],
            summa=qator["summa"],
            izoh=qator["izoh"],
            sana=date.fromisoformat(qator["sana"]),
        )
        for qator in qatorlar
    ]


def amalni_ochir(amal_id: int) -> bool:
    """Amalni o'chiradi, muvaffaqiyat holatini qaytaradi."""
    with ulanish() as aloqa:
        kursor = aloqa.execute("DELETE FROM amallar WHERE id = ?", (amal_id,))
        return kursor.rowcount > 0

# hisobot.py
"""Statistika, diagramma va eksport."""

import csv
from collections import defaultdict
from pathlib import Path

from modellar import Amal, AmalTuri

KENGLIK = 58


def sarlavha(matn: str) -> None:
    print("=" * KENGLIK)
    print(f"{matn:^{KENGLIK}}")
    print("=" * KENGLIK)


def umumiy_hisobot(amallar: list[Amal]) -> None:
    """Daromad, xarajat va qoldiqni chiqaradi."""
    daromad = sum(a.summa for a in amallar if a.turi == AmalTuri.DAROMAD)
    xarajat = sum(a.summa for a in amallar if a.turi == AmalTuri.XARAJAT)
    qoldiq = daromad - xarajat

    sarlavha("UMUMIY HISOBOT")
    print(f"{'Jami daromad:':<32}{daromad:>18,} so'm")
    print(f"{'Jami xarajat:':<32}{xarajat:>18,} so'm")
    print("-" * KENGLIK)
    print(f"{'QOLDIQ:':<32}{qoldiq:>18,} so'm")

    if daromad > 0:
        foiz = xarajat / daromad * 100
        print(f"{'Xarajat ulushi:':<32}{foiz:>17.1f} %")
        if foiz > 90:
            print("\n  ! Diqqat: daromadingizning deyarli hammasi sarflanmoqda.")
        elif foiz < 60:
            print("\n  + Ajoyib! Daromadingizning katta qismini tejayapsiz.")
    print("=" * KENGLIK)


def toifalar_diagrammasi(amallar: list[Amal]) -> None:
    """Toifalar bo'yicha matnli ustunli diagramma chizadi."""
    xarajatlar = defaultdict(int)
    for amal in amallar:
        if amal.turi == AmalTuri.XARAJAT:
            xarajatlar[amal.toifa] += amal.summa

    if not xarajatlar:
        print("\nXarajatlar mavjud emas.")
        return

    jami = sum(xarajatlar.values())
    eng_katta = max(xarajatlar.values())

    print()
    sarlavha("TOIFALAR BO'YICHA XARAJATLAR")

    for toifa, summa in sorted(xarajatlar.items(), key=lambda j: j[1], reverse=True):
        foiz = summa / jami * 100
        ustun = "#" * int(summa / eng_katta * 22)
        print(f"{toifa:<14}{summa:>12,}{foiz:>7.1f}%  {ustun}")

    print("-" * KENGLIK)
    print(f"{'JAMI':<14}{jami:>12,}{100.0:>7.1f}%")
    print("=" * KENGLIK)


def csv_eksport(amallar: list[Amal], yol: str = "hisobot.csv") -> Path:
    """Amallarni CSV faylga yozadi."""
    fayl_yoli = Path(yol)

    with open(fayl_yoli, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="") as fayl:
        yozuvchi = csv.writer(fayl)
        yozuvchi.writerow(["Sana", "Turi", "Toifa", "Summa", "Izoh"])
        for amal in amallar:
            yozuvchi.writerow([
                amal.sana.isoformat(),
                amal.turi.value,
                amal.toifa,
                amal.summa,
                amal.izoh,
            ])

    return fayl_yoli.resolve()

# asosiy.py
"""Xarajatlar hisoblagichi - asosiy menyu."""

from datetime import date

import baza
import hisobot
from modellar import Amal, AmalTuri, TOIFALAR


def son_sora(xabar: str, eng_kam: int = 1) -> int:
    """Foydalanuvchidan to'g'ri son kiritilgunicha so'raydi."""
    while True:
        try:
            qiymat = int(input(xabar).replace(" ", "").replace(",", ""))
            if qiymat < eng_kam:
                print(f"  ! Qiymat {eng_kam} dan kichik bo'lmasin.")
                continue
            return qiymat
        except ValueError:
            print("  ! Faqat butun son kiriting.")


def toifa_tanla(turi: AmalTuri) -> str:
    """Toifalar ro'yxatidan bittasini tanlatadi."""
    toifalar = TOIFALAR[turi]

    print("\nToifani tanlang:")
    for tartib, toifa in enumerate(toifalar, start=1):
        print(f"  {tartib}. {toifa}")

    tanlov = son_sora("Raqam: ", eng_kam=1)
    while tanlov > len(toifalar):
        print(f"  ! 1 dan {len(toifalar)} gacha son kiriting.")
        tanlov = son_sora("Raqam: ", eng_kam=1)

    return toifalar[tanlov - 1]


def amal_qoshish(turi: AmalTuri) -> None:
    """Yangi daromad yoki xarajat qo'shadi."""
    nomi = "daromad" if turi == AmalTuri.DAROMAD else "xarajat"
    print(f"\n--- Yangi {nomi} ---")

    toifa = toifa_tanla(turi)
    summa = son_sora("Summa (so'm): ")
    izoh = input("Izoh (ixtiyoriy): ").strip()

    try:
        amal = Amal(turi=turi, toifa=toifa, summa=summa, izoh=izoh)
        yangi_id = baza.amal_qosh(amal)
        print(f"\n  + Saqlandi (#{yangi_id}): {amal}")
    except ValueError as xato:
        print(f"\n  ! Xato: {xato}")


def amallarni_korish() -> None:
    """Barcha amallarni jadval ko'rinishida chiqaradi."""
    amallar = baza.amallarni_ol()

    if not amallar:
        print("\nHali birorta amal kiritilmagan.")
        return

    print()
    hisobot.sarlavha("BARCHA AMALLAR")
    for amal in amallar[:20]:
        print(f"#{amal.id:<4}{amal}")

    if len(amallar) > 20:
        print(f"\n  ... va yana {len(amallar) - 20} ta amal")
    print("=" * hisobot.KENGLIK)


def oylik_hisobot() -> None:
    """Tanlangan oy bo'yicha hisobot."""
    bugun = date.today()
    oy = son_sora(f"Oy raqami (1-12, standart {bugun.month}): ", eng_kam=1)
    yil = son_sora(f"Yil (standart {bugun.year}): ", eng_kam=2000)

    amallar = baza.amallarni_ol(oy=oy, yil=yil)

    if not amallar:
        print(f"\n{oy:02d}.{yil} uchun ma'lumot topilmadi.")
        return

    print(f"\n>>> {oy:02d}.{yil} hisoboti ({len(amallar)} ta amal)\n")
    hisobot.umumiy_hisobot(amallar)
    hisobot.toifalar_diagrammasi(amallar)


def eksport() -> None:
    """Ma'lumotni CSV ga chiqaradi."""
    amallar = baza.amallarni_ol()
    if not amallar:
        print("\nEksport qilish uchun ma'lumot yo'q.")
        return

    yol = hisobot.csv_eksport(amallar)
    print(f"\n  + {len(amallar)} ta amal eksport qilindi:\n    {yol}")


def menyu() -> None:
    """Asosiy menyu sikli."""
    baza.bazani_tayyorla()

    amallar_xaritasi = {
        "1": lambda: amal_qoshish(AmalTuri.XARAJAT),
        "2": lambda: amal_qoshish(AmalTuri.DAROMAD),
        "3": amallarni_korish,
        "4": lambda: hisobot.umumiy_hisobot(baza.amallarni_ol()),
        "5": lambda: hisobot.toifalar_diagrammasi(baza.amallarni_ol()),
        "6": oylik_hisobot,
        "7": eksport,
    }

    while True:
        print("\n" + "=" * hisobot.KENGLIK)
        print(f"{'XARAJATLAR HISOBLAGICHI':^{hisobot.KENGLIK}}")
        print("=" * hisobot.KENGLIK)
        print("  1 - Xarajat qo'shish")
        print("  2 - Daromad qo'shish")
        print("  3 - Barcha amallar")
        print("  4 - Umumiy hisobot")
        print("  5 - Toifalar diagrammasi")
        print("  6 - Oylik hisobot")
        print("  7 - CSV ga eksport")
        print("  0 - Chiqish")

        tanlov = input("\nTanlovingiz: ").strip()

        if tanlov == "0":
            print("\nXayr! Moliyangiz nazoratda bo'lsin.")
            break

        amal = amallar_xaritasi.get(tanlov)
        if amal is None:
            print("  ! Noto'g'ri tanlov.")
            continue

        try:
            amal()
        except Exception as xato:
            print(f"\n  ! Kutilmagan xato: {xato}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        menyu()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\n\nDastur foydalanuvchi tomonidan to'xtatildi.")

python asosiy.py