OOP - meros, inkapsulyatsiya, polimorfizm

class Xodim:
    """Barcha xodimlar uchun asosiy klass."""

    def __init__(self, ism, oylik):
        self.ism = ism
        self.oylik = oylik

    def malumot(self):
        return f"{self.ism} - {self.oylik:,} so'm"

    def oylik_hisobla(self):
        return self.oylik


class Dasturchi(Xodim):
    """Xodim klassidan meros olgan dasturchi."""

    def __init__(self, ism, oylik, til, tajriba_yil):
        super().__init__(ism, oylik)     # ota klass konstruktorini chaqiramiz
        self.til = til
        self.tajriba_yil = tajriba_yil

    def oylik_hisobla(self):
        """Har bir tajriba yili uchun 5% ustama."""
        ustama = self.oylik * 0.05 * self.tajriba_yil
        return self.oylik + ustama

    def kod_yozish(self):
        return f"{self.ism} {self.til} tilida kod yozmoqda..."


dasturchi = Dasturchi("Husanboy", 12_000_000, "Python", 3)

print(dasturchi.malumot())            # ota klassdan meros
print(dasturchi.kod_yozish())         # o'ziga xos metod
print(f"{dasturchi.oylik_hisobla():,.0f} so'm")   # qayta yozilgan metod

class Menejer(Xodim):
    def __init__(self, ism, oylik, jamoa_soni):
        super().__init__(ism, oylik)      # ism va oylik ota klassda o'rnatiladi
        self.jamoa_soni = jamoa_soni      # bu esa faqat menejerda bor

    def oylik_hisobla(self):
        """Jamoadagi har bir odam uchun 500 000 bonus."""
        bonus = self.jamoa_soni * 500_000
        return super().oylik_hisobla() + bonus     # ota metodni ham ishlatamiz


menejer = Menejer("Sardor", 15_000_000, 8)
print(f"{menejer.oylik_hisobla():,} so'm")

class Amaliyotchi(Xodim):
    def __init__(self, ism, oylik, murabbiy):
        super().__init__(ism, oylik)
        self.murabbiy = murabbiy

    def oylik_hisobla(self):
        return self.oylik * 0.5      # amaliyotchi yarim stavka oladi


jamoa = [
    Dasturchi("Husanboy", 12_000_000, "Python", 3),
    Menejer("Sardor", 15_000_000, 8),
    Amaliyotchi("Malika", 5_000_000, "Husanboy"),
    Xodim("Bekzod", 8_000_000),
]

print("=" * 50)
print(f"{'OYLIK VEDOMOSTI':^50}")
print("=" * 50)
print(f"{'Xodim':<16}{'Lavozim':<16}{'Oylik':>18}")
print("-" * 50)

jami = 0
for xodim in jamoa:
    # Bir xil metod - har bir klass o'zicha bajaradi
    summa = xodim.oylik_hisobla()
    jami += summa
    lavozim = type(xodim).__name__
    print(f"{xodim.ism:<16}{lavozim:<16}{summa:>18,.0f}")

print("-" * 50)
print(f"{'JAMI:':<32}{jami:>18,.0f}")
print("=" * 50)

class Hisob:
    def __init__(self, egasi, balans):
        self.egasi = egasi              # ochiq
        self._bank_kodi = "SFRM"        # ichki foydalanish uchun
        self.__pin = "1234"             # yopiq

    def pin_tekshir(self, kiritilgan):
        return self.__pin == kiritilgan

    def pin_ozgartir(self, eski, yangi):
        if not self.pin_tekshir(eski):
            raise ValueError("Eski PIN noto'g'ri")
        if len(yangi) != 4 or not yangi.isdigit():
            raise ValueError("PIN 4 ta raqamdan iborat bo'lishi kerak")
        self.__pin = yangi
        return "PIN o'zgartirildi"


hisob = Hisob("Husanboy", 500_000)

print(hisob.egasi)              # ochiq - muammosiz
print(hisob._bank_kodi)         # ishlaydi, lekin yaxshi amaliyot emas

try:
    print(hisob.__pin)          # yopiq - xato
except AttributeError as xato:
    print(f"Xato: {xato}")

print(hisob.pin_tekshir("1234"))
print(hisob.pin_ozgartir("1234", "9876"))

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod


class Shakl(ABC):
    """Barcha geometrik shakllar uchun abstrakt asos."""

    def __init__(self, nomi):
        self.nomi = nomi

    @abstractmethod
    def yuza(self):
        """Har bir shakl buni o'zi amalga oshirishi SHART."""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def perimetr(self):
        pass

    def hisobot(self):
        """Bu metod barcha shakllar uchun umumiy."""
        return (f"{self.nomi:<14} yuza: {self.yuza():>9.2f}   "
                f"perimetr: {self.perimetr():>9.2f}")


class Togriturtburchak(Shakl):
    def __init__(self, eni, boyi):
        super().__init__("To'rtburchak")
        self.eni = eni
        self.boyi = boyi

    def yuza(self):
        return self.eni * self.boyi

    def perimetr(self):
        return 2 * (self.eni + self.boyi)


class Aylana(Shakl):
    PI = 3.14159

    def __init__(self, radius):
        super().__init__("Aylana")
        self.radius = radius

    def yuza(self):
        return self.PI * self.radius ** 2

    def perimetr(self):
        return 2 * self.PI * self.radius


class Uchburchak(Shakl):
    def __init__(self, a, b, c):
        super().__init__("Uchburchak")
        self.a, self.b, self.c = a, b, c

    def yuza(self):
        yarim = self.perimetr() / 2
        return (yarim * (yarim - self.a) * (yarim - self.b) * (yarim - self.c)) ** 0.5

    def perimetr(self):
        return self.a + self.b + self.c


shakllar = [
    Togriturtburchak(10, 5),
    Aylana(7),
    Uchburchak(3, 4, 5),
]

for shakl in shakllar:
    print(shakl.hisobot())

print()
print(f"Jami yuza: {sum(s.yuza() for s in shakllar):.2f}")

# Abstrakt klassdan obyekt yaratib bo'lmaydi
try:
    Shakl("Noaniq")
except TypeError as xato:
    print(f"\nXato: {xato}")

class Yozuvchi:
    def yozish(self):
        return "Faylga yozilmoqda..."


class Oquvchi:
    def oqish(self):
        return "Fayldan o'qilmoqda..."


class FaylBoshqaruvchi(Yozuvchi, Oquvchi):
    """Ikkala imkoniyatni ham oladi."""
    def __init__(self, nomi):
        self.nomi = nomi


boshqaruvchi = FaylBoshqaruvchi("hisobot.txt")
print(boshqaruvchi.yozish())
print(boshqaruvchi.oqish())
print(FaylBoshqaruvchi.__mro__)

dasturchi = Dasturchi("Husanboy", 12_000_000, "Python", 3)

print(isinstance(dasturchi, Dasturchi))     # aynan shu klassmi
print(isinstance(dasturchi, Xodim))         # ota klass ham hisoblanadi
print(isinstance(dasturchi, Menejer))
print(issubclass(Dasturchi, Xodim))

class Dvigatel:
    def __init__(self, quvvat):
        self.quvvat = quvvat

    def ishga_tushir(self):
        return f"Dvigatel ishga tushdi ({self.quvvat} ot kuchi)"


class Mashina:
    """Mashina dvigateldan meros olmaydi - u dvigatelga EGA."""

    def __init__(self, model, dvigatel_quvvati):
        self.model = model
        self.dvigatel = Dvigatel(dvigatel_quvvati)     # kompozitsiya

    def haydash(self):
        return f"{self.model}: {self.dvigatel.ishga_tushir()}"


mashina = Mashina("Cobalt", 106)
print(mashina.haydash())