Ma'lumot turlarini tanlash

CREATE TABLE butun_turlar (
    kichik    TINYINT,
    qisqa     SMALLINT,
    orta      MEDIUMINT,
    oddiy     INT,
    katta     BIGINT,
    ishorasiz TINYINT UNSIGNED
);

SELECT COLUMN_NAME AS ustun, COLUMN_TYPE AS turi
FROM information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'butun_turlar'
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION;

-- Chegaradan chiqishga urinish
INSERT INTO butun_turlar (kichik) VALUES (200);

ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'kichik' at row 1

-- UNSIGNED bilan chegara ikki barobar kengayadi
INSERT INTO butun_turlar (ishorasiz) VALUES (200);

SELECT ishorasiz FROM butun_turlar WHERE ishorasiz IS NOT NULL;

CREATE TABLE narxlar (
    id         INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    suzuvchi   DOUBLE,
    aniq       DECIMAL(12,2)
);

INSERT INTO narxlar (suzuvchi, aniq) VALUES
    (0.1, 0.1), (0.2, 0.2);

SELECT
    SUM(suzuvchi) AS suzuvchi_yigindi,
    SUM(aniq)     AS aniq_yigindi,
    SUM(suzuvchi) = 0.3 AS suzuvchi_tengmi,
    SUM(aniq)     = 0.3 AS aniq_tengmi
FROM narxlar;

SELECT
    CHAR_LENGTH('Salom')                      AS belgilar,
    LENGTH('Salom')                           AS baytlar,
    CHAR_LENGTH('O''zbekiston')               AS uz_belgilar,
    LENGTH('O''zbekiston')                    AS uz_baytlar,
    CHAR_LENGTH(_utf8mb4 '😀')                AS emoji_belgilar,
    LENGTH(_utf8mb4 '😀')                     AS emoji_baytlar;

CREATE TABLE vaqtlar (
    id            INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    faqat_sana    DATE,
    sana_vaqt     DATETIME,
    vaqt_belgisi  TIMESTAMP NULL,
    faqat_vaqt    TIME,
    faqat_yil     YEAR
);

INSERT INTO vaqtlar (faqat_sana, sana_vaqt, vaqt_belgisi, faqat_vaqt, faqat_yil)
VALUES ('2026-09-10', '2026-09-10 14:30:00', '2026-09-10 14:30:00', '14:30:00', 2026);

SELECT faqat_sana, sana_vaqt, faqat_vaqt, faqat_yil FROM vaqtlar;

SELECT
    DATE_FORMAT(sana_vaqt, '%d.%m.%Y') AS uzbekcha,
    YEAR(sana_vaqt)  AS yil,
    MONTH(sana_vaqt) AS oy,
    DAYOFWEEK(sana_vaqt) AS hafta_kuni,
    DATEDIFF('2026-12-31', faqat_sana) AS yil_oxirigacha
FROM vaqtlar;

CREATE TABLE buyurtmalar (
    id     INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    holat  ENUM('yangi', 'tolangan', 'yuborilgan', 'bekor') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'yangi',
    faolmi BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE
);

INSERT INTO buyurtmalar (holat, faolmi) VALUES
    ('yangi', TRUE), ('tolangan', TRUE), ('bekor', FALSE);

SELECT id, holat, faolmi FROM buyurtmalar ORDER BY id;

-- Ro'yxatda yo'q qiymat rad etiladi
INSERT INTO buyurtmalar (holat) VALUES ('nomalum');

ERROR 1265 (01000): Data truncated for column 'holat' at row 1

-- BOOLEAN aslida TINYINT(1)
SELECT COLUMN_NAME AS ustun, COLUMN_TYPE AS turi
FROM information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND TABLE_NAME = 'buyurtmalar'
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION;

SELECT
    'INT'          AS turi, 4 AS baytlar,
    4 * 10000000 / 1024 / 1024 AS mb_10mln
UNION ALL SELECT 'BIGINT',   8, 8 * 10000000 / 1024 / 1024
UNION ALL SELECT 'CHAR(36)', 36, 36 * 10000000 / 1024 / 1024
UNION ALL SELECT 'BINARY(16)', 16, 16 * 10000000 / 1024 / 1024
UNION ALL SELECT 'DATETIME',  8, 8 * 10000000 / 1024 / 1024
UNION ALL SELECT 'TIMESTAMP', 4, 4 * 10000000 / 1024 / 1024;

SELECT
    @@character_set_database AS kodlash,
    @@collation_database     AS solishtirish;

SELECT
    'Salom' = 'salom' COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci AS registrsiz,
    'Salom' = 'salom' COLLATE utf8mb4_bin        AS registrli;