Standart kutubxona

#include <print>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <chrono>
#include <filesystem>
#include <fstream>
#include <random>
#include <numeric>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std::chrono;

int main()
{
    // Vaqt oraliqlari - TURLI, aralashtirib bo'lmaydi
    seconds soniya{90};
    minutes daqiqa{5};
    hours soat{2};

    std::println("90 soniya  = {}", soniya);
    std::println("5 daqiqa   = {}", daqiqa);
    std::println("2 soat     = {}", soat);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Avtomatik aylantirish (aniqlik yo'qolmasa):");
    seconds jami = soniya + daqiqa + soat;
    std::println("  yig'indi: {}", jami);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Aniqlik yo'qoladigan aylantirish OSHKORA bo'lishi kerak:");
    auto daqiqada = duration_cast<minutes>(jami);
    std::println("  duration_cast<minutes>: {}", daqiqada);
    std::println("  (kasr qismi tashlandi)");

    std::println("");
    std::println("Kasrli aylantirish:");
    auto aniq = duration<double, std::ratio<60>>(jami);
    std::println("  {:.4f} daqiqa", aniq.count());

    std::println("");
    std::println("Literal qo'shimchalari:");
    using namespace std::chrono_literals;
    auto kun = 24h;
    auto hafta = 7 * kun;
    std::println("  24h        = {}", kun);
    std::println("  7 * 24h    = {}", hafta);
    std::println("  hafta soniyada = {}", duration_cast<seconds>(hafta));

    return 0;
}

using namespace std::chrono;

int main()
{
    // Sana - kalendar turi
    year_month_day mustaqillik{2024y, September, 1d};

    std::println("sana: {}", mustaqillik);
    std::println("yil:  {}", static_cast<int>(mustaqillik.year()));
    std::println("oy:   {}", static_cast<unsigned>(mustaqillik.month()));
    std::println("kun:  {}", static_cast<unsigned>(mustaqillik.day()));

    std::println("");
    std::println("to'g'ri sanami: {}", mustaqillik.ok());
    year_month_day yomon{2023y, February, 30d};
    std::println("2023-02-30 to'g'rimi: {}", yomon.ok());

    std::println("");
    // Hafta kuni
    weekday kun{sys_days{mustaqillik}};
    std::println("2024-09-01 hafta kuni: {}", kun);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Sanalar farqi:");
    year_month_day boshlanish{2024y, January, 1d};
    auto kunlar = sys_days{mustaqillik} - sys_days{boshlanish};
    std::println("  1-yanvardan 1-sentyabrgacha: {}", kunlar);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Kabisa yillar:");
    for (int y : {2020, 2023, 2024, 2100, 2000}) {
        std::println("  {} kabisami: {}", y, year{y}.is_leap());
    }

    std::println("");
    std::println("Oyning oxirgi kuni:");
    for (auto oy : {January, February, April}) {
        year_month_day_last oxirgi{2024y, month_day_last{oy}};
        std::println("  {} 2024: {} kun", oy,
                     static_cast<unsigned>(oxirgi.day()));
    }

    return 0;
}

using namespace std::chrono;

long long ogirIsh(int n)
{
    long long jami = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) jami += static_cast<long long>(i) * i;
    return jami;
}

int main()
{
    auto boshlanish = steady_clock::now();
    long long natija = ogirIsh(2'000'000);
    auto tugash = steady_clock::now();

    auto ketgan = duration_cast<microseconds>(tugash - boshlanish);

    std::println("natija: {}", natija);
    std::println("hisoblash bajarildi");
    std::println("vaqt musbatmi: {}", ketgan.count() >= 0);
    std::println("bir soniyadan kammi: {}", ketgan < 1s);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Uch xil soat:");
    std::println("  steady_clock   - o'lchash uchun, ORQAGA KETMAYDI");
    std::println("  system_clock   - haqiqiy sana/vaqt, sozlanishi mumkin");
    std::println("  high_resolution_clock - odatda steady_clock ning taxallusi");

    std::println("");
    std::println("steady_clock monotonmi: {}", steady_clock::is_steady);
    std::println("system_clock monotonmi: {}", system_clock::is_steady);

    return 0;
}

namespace fs = std::filesystem;

int main()
{
    fs::path asos{"/tmp/sr_cpp_17"};

    // Tozalab boshlaymiz
    fs::remove_all(asos);
    fs::create_directories(asos / "hujjatlar" / "2024");

    // Fayllar yaratamiz
    for (const auto& [nom, matn] : std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>{
             {"hujjatlar/oqish.txt", "Birinchi fayl"},
             {"hujjatlar/2024/hisobot.txt", "Yillik hisobot matni"},
             {"sozlama.json", "{}"},
         }) {
        std::ofstream f{asos / nom};
        f << matn;
    }

    std::println("Yo'l qismlari:");
    fs::path p = asos / "hujjatlar" / "2024" / "hisobot.txt";
    std::println("  to'liq:      {}", p.string());
    std::println("  ota katalog: {}", p.parent_path().string());
    std::println("  fayl nomi:   {}", p.filename().string());
    std::println("  kengaytma:   {}", p.extension().string());
    std::println("  kengaytmasiz:{}", p.stem().string());

    std::println("");
    std::println("Tekshiruvlar:");
    std::println("  mavjudmi:    {}", fs::exists(p));
    std::println("  oddiy fayl:  {}", fs::is_regular_file(p));
    std::println("  katalogmi:   {}", fs::is_directory(p));
    std::println("  hajmi:       {} bayt", fs::file_size(p));

    std::println("");
    std::println("Rekursiv aylanish:");
    std::vector<std::string> topilgan;
    for (const auto& yozuv : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(asos)) {
        std::string turi = yozuv.is_directory() ? "katalog" : "fayl";
        topilgan.push_back(std::format("{:<8} {}", turi,
                           fs::relative(yozuv.path(), asos).string()));
    }
    std::ranges::sort(topilgan);
    for (const auto& s : topilgan) std::println("  {}", s);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Faqat .txt fayllar:");
    int soni = 0;
    std::uintmax_t jamiHajm = 0;
    for (const auto& yozuv : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(asos)) {
        if (yozuv.is_regular_file() && yozuv.path().extension() == ".txt") {
            ++soni;
            jamiHajm += yozuv.file_size();
        }
    }
    std::println("  {} ta fayl, jami {} bayt", soni, jamiHajm);

    fs::remove_all(asos);
    std::println("");
    std::println("tozalandi, mavjudmi: {}", fs::exists(asos));

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    // Takrorlanadigan urug' - sinov uchun
    std::mt19937 generator{20240901u};

    std::println("Bir xil urug' - bir xil ketma-ketlik:");
    std::uniform_int_distribution<int> zar{1, 6};
    std::print("  zarlar:");
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::print(" {}", zar(generator));
    std::println("");

    std::mt19937 ikkinchi{20240901u};
    std::print("  qayta: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) std::print(" {}", zar(ikkinchi));
    std::println("");

    std::println("");
    std::println("Turli taqsimotlar:");

    std::mt19937 g{42u};
    std::uniform_real_distribution<double> tekis{0.0, 1.0};
    std::print("  tekis [0,1):");
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) std::print(" {:.5f}", tekis(g));
    std::println("");

    std::normal_distribution<double> normal{100.0, 15.0};
    std::print("  normal (100,15):");
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) std::print(" {:.3f}", normal(g));
    std::println("");

    std::bernoulli_distribution tanga{0.5};
    std::print("  tanga:");
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) std::print(" {}", tanga(g) ? "O" : "P");
    std::println("");

    std::println("");
    std::println("Zar taqsimoti tekshiruvi (60000 tashlash):");
    std::mt19937 sinov{7u};
    std::vector<int> hisob(7, 0);
    for (int i = 0; i < 60'000; ++i) ++hisob[static_cast<std::size_t>(zar(sinov))];

    for (int yuz = 1; yuz <= 6; ++yuz) {
        double foiz = 100.0 * hisob[static_cast<std::size_t>(yuz)] / 60'000.0;
        bool meyorda = foiz > 16.0 && foiz < 17.4;
        std::println("  {} yuzi: {:>5} marta ({:.2f}%) meyorda: {}",
                     yuz, hisob[static_cast<std::size_t>(yuz)], foiz, meyorda);
    }

    std::println("");
    std::println("jami: {}", std::accumulate(hisob.begin(), hisob.end(), 0));

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    std::println("Tekislash va kenglik:");
    std::println("  [{:<12}] chapga", "matn");
    std::println("  [{:>12}] o'ngga", "matn");
    std::println("  [{:^12}] markazga", "matn");
    std::println("  [{:*^12}] to'ldirgich bilan", "matn");

    std::println("");
    std::println("Sonlar:");
    std::println("  [{:8.3f}]  kasr aniqligi", 3.14159265);
    std::println("  [{:+}]     ishora majburiy", 42);
    std::println("  [{:08.2f}] nol bilan to'ldirish", 3.5);
    std::println("  [{:.0f}]   yaxlitlash", 2.5);
    std::println("  [{:.0f}]   yaxlitlash", 3.5);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Sanoq sistemalari:");
    int n = 255;
    std::println("  o'nlik:      {}", n);
    std::println("  ikkilik:     {:b}", n);
    std::println("  sakkizlik:   {:o}", n);
    std::println("  o'n oltilik: {:x}", n);
    std::println("  prefiks bn:  {:#b}", n);
    std::println("  prefiks 16:  {:#x}", n);

    std::println("");
    std::println("Argument raqami bilan:");
    std::println("  {0} - {1} - {0}", "takror", "o'rta");

    std::println("");
    std::println("Ichma-ich kenglik:");
    for (int k : {6, 10, 14}) {
        std::println("  [{:>{}}] kenglik {}", "x", k, k);
    }

    std::println("");
    std::println("Konteynerlar (C++23):");
    std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 3, 4};
    std::println("  vector: {}", v);
    std::println("  juftlik: {}", std::pair{1, "bir"});

    return 0;
}