Muhitni sozlash va kompilyatsiya

export LC_ALL=C

# Faqat versiya raqami - distributiv nomi kerak emas
g++ -dumpfullversion 2>/dev/null | awk -F. '{ printf "g++ versiyasi: %s.%s\n", $1, $2 }'
g++ -dumpversion | awk -F. '{ print "C++23 uchun yetarlimi:", ($1 >= 14 ? "ha" : "yoq") }'

cat > salom.cpp <<'EOF'
#include <print>

int main()
{
    std::println("Salom, dunyo!");
    return 0;
}
EOF

# 1. Preprotsessor: #include larni ochadi, makroslarni almashtiradi
g++ -std=c++23 -E salom.cpp -o salom.i
printf "1. preprotsessordan keyin: %s qator\n" "$(wc -l < salom.i)"

# 2. Kompilyator: assembler kodiga aylantiradi
g++ -std=c++23 -S salom.cpp -o salom.s
printf "2. assembler kodi:         %s qator\n" "$(wc -l < salom.s)"

# 3. Assembler: obyekt fayl (mashina kodi, hali bog'lanmagan)
g++ -std=c++23 -c salom.cpp -o salom.o
printf "3. obyekt fayl:            %s bayt\n" "$(stat -c%s salom.o)"

# 4. Bog'lovchi (linker): kutubxonalar bilan birlashtiradi
g++ salom.o -o salom
printf "4. bajariladigan fayl:     %s bayt\n" "$(stat -c%s salom)"

./salom

cat > ogoh.cpp <<'EOF'
#include <print>

int main()
{
    int ishlatilmagan;
    int a = 5;
    unsigned int b = 3;

    if (a > b) {              // int va unsigned solishtirish
        std::println("a katta");
    }

    return 0;
}
EOF

echo "--- bayroqsiz:"
g++ -std=c++23 -o ogoh ogoh.cpp 2>&1 | grep -c . | xargs printf "  %s ta xabar\n"

echo "--- -Wall -Wextra bilan:"
g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -o ogoh ogoh.cpp 2>&1 \
  | grep "warning:" | sed 's/^.*warning: /  /'

#include <print>

int main()
{
    int manfiy = -1;
    unsigned int musbat = 1;

    std::println("-1 < 1 ?  {}", manfiy < static_cast<int>(musbat));
    std::println("solishtirish o'zgartirilgach: {}",
                 manfiy < musbat);
    std::println("chunki -1 unsigned da: {}",
                 static_cast<unsigned int>(manfiy));

    return 0;
}

cat > bayroq.cpp <<'EOF'
#include <print>
int main() { std::println("ishladi"); return 0; }
EOF

printf "%-34s %s\n" "BAYROQ" "NIMA QILADI"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "----------------------------------" "------------------------"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-std=c++23" "til standarti"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-Wall -Wextra" "ogohlantirishlar"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-Wpedantic" "standartdan chetlanish"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-Werror" "ogohlantirish = xato"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-O0 / -O2 / -O3" "optimallashtirish darajasi"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-g" "nosozlik qidirish malumoti"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-fsanitize=address" "xotira xatolarini topadi"
printf "%-34s %s\n" "-fsanitize=undefined" "aniqlanmagan xulqni topadi"

echo
echo "Kundalik ish uchun:"
echo "  g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -g -fsanitize=address,undefined"
echo "Reliz uchun:"
echo "  g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -O2 -DNDEBUG"

g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o bayroq bayroq.cpp && ./bayroq

cat > tez.cpp <<'EOF'
#include <print>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v(1000000);
    std::iota(v.begin(), v.end(), 1);

    long long yigindi = 0;
    for (int x : v) {
        yigindi += x;
    }

    std::println("{}", yigindi);
    return 0;
}
EOF

for daraja in O0 O2; do
    g++ -std=c++23 -$daraja -o tez_$daraja tez.cpp
    printf "%-4s hajm: %7s bayt\n" "-$daraja" "$(stat -c%s tez_$daraja)"
done

echo "natija ikkalasida bir xil:"
printf "  -O0: %s\n" "$(./tez_O0)"
printf "  -O2: %s\n" "$(./tez_O2)"

cat > xato.cpp <<'EOF'
#include <print>
#include <climits>

int main()
{
    int a = INT_MAX;
    int b = a + 1;          // butun son toshib ketishi - aniqlanmagan xulq
    std::println("{}", b);
    return 0;
}
EOF

echo "--- sanitayzersiz (jimgina noto'g'ri natija):"
g++ -std=c++23 -O0 -o xato xato.cpp && ./xato

echo "--- UBSan bilan:"
g++ -std=c++23 -fsanitize=undefined -g -o xato_ub xato.cpp
./xato_ub 2>&1 | sed 's/^.*xato\.cpp/xato.cpp/'

mkdir -p loyiha && cd loyiha

cat > hisob.hpp <<'EOF'
#pragma once            // sarlavha bir marta qo'shilishini kafolatlaydi

#include <vector>

// E'LON - tanasi yo'q
int yigindi(const std::vector<int>& sonlar);
double ortacha(const std::vector<int>& sonlar);
EOF

cat > hisob.cpp <<'EOF'
#include "hisob.hpp"
#include <numeric>

// TA'RIF - tanasi shu yerda
int yigindi(const std::vector<int>& sonlar)
{
    return std::accumulate(sonlar.begin(), sonlar.end(), 0);
}

double ortacha(const std::vector<int>& sonlar)
{
    if (sonlar.empty()) {
        return 0.0;
    }
    return static_cast<double>(yigindi(sonlar)) / sonlar.size();
}
EOF

cat > main.cpp <<'EOF'
#include "hisob.hpp"
#include <print>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> baholar{85, 92, 78, 95, 88};

    std::println("yigindi: {}", yigindi(baholar));
    std::println("ortacha: {:.2f}", ortacha(baholar));

    return 0;
}
EOF
cd ..

cd loyiha

# Har faylni alohida kompilyatsiya qilamiz
g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -c hisob.cpp -o hisob.o
g++ -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -c main.cpp -o main.o

# Keyin bog'laymiz
g++ hisob.o main.o -o dastur

./dastur

cd loyiha

cat > yomon.cpp <<'EOF'
#include "hisob.hpp"
#include <print>

int koproq(int x);      // e'lon qilindi, lekin hech qayerda TA'RIFLANMAGAN

int main()
{
    std::println("{}", koproq(5));
    return 0;
}
EOF

g++ -std=c++23 -c yomon.cpp -o yomon.o && echo "kompilyatsiya: OK"
g++ yomon.o hisob.o -o yomon 2>&1 | grep -c "undefined reference" \
  | xargs printf "boglashda %s ta 'undefined reference' xatosi\n"
echo "boglash: YIQILDI"

cd loyiha

cat > Makefile <<'EOF'
CXX      = g++
CXXFLAGS = -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -g
OBJS     = main.o hisob.o

dastur: $(OBJS)
    $(CXX) $(OBJS) -o dastur

%.o: %.cpp hisob.hpp
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@

.PHONY: clean
clean:
    rm -f $(OBJS) dastur
EOF

make clean >/dev/null 2>&1
make 2>&1 | sed 's/-o [a-z.]*$//'
./dastur

echo "--- faqat main.cpp ozgardi:"
touch main.cpp
make 2>&1 | grep -c "g++" | xargs printf "  %s ta buyruq bajarildi (hammasi emas)\n"

cat > xato2.cpp <<'EOF'
#include <print>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 3};
    std::println("{}", v.at(10));      // chegaradan tashqari
    return 0;
}
EOF

g++ -std=c++23 -g -o xato2 xato2.cpp
# Ichki qobiq: signal haqidagi xabar tashqariga chiqmasin
kod=$(bash -c './xato2 > chiqish.txt 2>&1; echo $?' 2>/dev/null)
head -2 chiqish.txt
echo "chiqish kodi: $kod (0 emas - dastur yiqildi)"